Suchergebnisse

First Published in 1993, this is part of the Graduate Institute of International Studies, Geneva series.This study which looks at whether scholars of international politics attempt to understand cooperative behavior in the light of the theories developed by the observers of both conflict and of cooperation. This volume expands the short list of such works and does so with insight, a wide range of scholarship and a willingness to test particular cases against existing theory. The author has written a book which expands the knowledge of, but also a thoughtful improvement of existing theoretical approaches. Uvin's universe of enquiry excludes military power and its application. It concentrates on the long-term, complex organization of cooperative transnational behavior and its rationale. Its focusses on functional issues involving world hunger, a haunting background and result, and perhaps even one cause, of the dreadful violence that characterizes our world even as the threat of catastrophic nuclear warfare has declined.

Some debates of relevance to the development practitioner -- Background -- The legal challenges -- Human rights in the practice of development -- The basics -- Political conditionality -- Positive support -- A rights-based approach to development -- Final synthesis and questions.

In the space of one decade, the nexus between development and peace has become a central focus of development thinking and practice. This article presents a typology and critical discussion of seven ways in which the development enterprise has conceived of its interactions with conflict and violence. These are: 1. Rhetorical repackaging: development by definition promotes peace; thus, no changes in development practice are required — only more of it; 2. Military conditionality: donors withdraw aid to punish recipients for their excessive military expenditure or military aggression. In its more positive version, security sector reform assists recipients with reform of their military, police, and judicial systems in ways that improve governance and decrease violence; 3. The post-conflict agenda: in countries coming out of war, aid agencies invest in new fields such as justice and reconciliation, demobilization and reintegration, and democratic policing; 4. The "Do No Harm" approach: minimise the negative impact of all humanitarian and development assistance under conditions of conflict; 5. The conflict prevention agenda: agencies undertake a range of early and preferably coherent and coordinated actions to prevent conflict from turning violent; 6. The concept of human security: "freedom from fear" and "freedom from want" are inseparable sides of the same coin; and, 7. The " global system reform" movement: infuses concerns with development and conflict nexus in all North-South relations of trade, investment, and consumption.

This well-documented book analyzes the manifold inconsistent, inefficient, piecemeal, and sometimes counterproductive ways the international community intervened in the dynamics of violence that beset Rwanda before, during, and after the 1994 genocide. Klinghoffer takes a position that runs counter to the popular description of the international community as being totally inactive and uncaring before and during the genocide. Rather, he maintains, interventions did take place, but they failed to achieve their aims. At a descriptive level, Klinghoffer, following Bruce Jones ("'Intervention without Borders:' Humanitarian Intervention in Rwanda 1990–1994," Millennium 24 [Summer 1995]: 225–49), makes this point rather successfully. The book contains many interesting pieces of information that, taken together, force us to acknowledge some new elements in the simple picture that has become so dominant about the international community's conduct in Rwanda.

In the space of one decade, the nexus between development & peace has become a central focus of development thinking & practice. This article presents a typology & critical discussion of seven ways in which the development enterprise has conceived of its interactions with conflict & violence. These are: (1) Rhetorical repackaging: development by definition promotes peace; thus, no changes in development practice are required -- only more of it; (2) Military conditionality: donors withdraw aid to punish recipients for their excessive military expenditure or military aggression. In its more positive version, security sector reform assists recipients with reform of their military, police, & judicial systems in ways that improve governance & decrease violence; (3) The post-conflict agenda: in countries coming out of war, aid agencies invest in new fields such as justice & reconciliation, demobilization & reintegration, & democratic policing; (4) The "Do No Harm" approach: minimise the negative impact of all humanitarian & development assistance under conditions of conflict; (5) The conflict prevention agenda: agencies undertake a range of early & preferably coherent & coordinated actions to prevent conflict from turning violent; (6) The concept of human security: "freedom from fear" & "freedom from want" are inseparable sides of the same coin; &, (7) The "global system reform" movement: infuses concerns with development & conflict nexus in all North-South relations of trade, investment, & consumption. 47 References. Adapted from the source document.